H. SHANTI ¹

J. OMAR ^2*

IN. ALWAHEIDI ¹

J. ABDALLAH ²

E. dBADRAN ³

¹ Department of Animal Production and Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Azhar University, Gaza, Palestine

² Department of Animal Production and Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture, An Najah National University, Nablus, P. O. Box 707, Palestine

³ National Agriculture Research Center (narc), Palestine

Abstract - The effect of replacing a commercial feed with hydroponic barley (HB) was studied on feeding trial to investigate its effects on performance, visceral organs and blood biochemistry of growing local Baladi rabbits. Four mixed diets based on a pelleted commercial rabbit feed (18% crude protein) were made by substituting HB (containing 18% dry matter, 2% crude protein and 15% crude fiber) for the commercial feed (0, 20, 40 and 60%). Sixty fourBaladi rabbits, 32 d of age and with an average body weight (±standard error) of 525 ± 10 g were assigned to the 4 treatments and caged in groups of 4 rabbits (2 females and 2 males/ cage). HB was grown for 8 d, and fed immediately after harvesting, including roots, seed and leaves. Feed intake and growth rate from 32 to 74 d of age were recorded. The rabbits were then slaughtered and the dressing proportions was calculated.Dry matter feed intake and growth rate decreased linearly by 1.16±0.080 g/d (P<0.001) and 0.998±0.062 g/d (P<0.001) per unit of HB increase. Rabbits consumed daily all the HB offered 0, 6.4, 12.8, and 19.1 g DM for 0, 20, 40 and 60% substitution levels, respectively. Both crude protein and digestible energy intake decreased linearly by 0.24±0.071 g/d (P<0.001) and 2.88±0.040 MJ/d (P<0.001). Feed conversion (average 3.45±0.20) and carcass yield percentage (average 56.25±0.42 %) were not affected by treatments. Blood metabolites were within the MEDIRABBITstandards; however, level of HB had variable effects on visceral organs. It was therefore concluded that replacing pelleted commercial feed by wet HB had negative effects on rabbits' performance.

Keywords: rabbits, performance, hydroponic barley, carcass, blood metabolites

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K. Hibar¹*

W. Gamaoun²

M.A. Triki³

¹ Regional Center of Agricultural Research Sidi Bouzid, BP 357 Sidi Bouzid 9001, Tunisia

² Defence station of cultures in the Center, Saniet Roi 4021, Kalaa Essghira, Sousse, Tunisia

³ Olive Institute in Sfax, BP 1087 Sfax 3000, Tunisia

Abstract - Root rot and wilt disease complex were detected during disease survey carried out through two successive seasons (2013 and 2014) in several new olive orchards in Sidi Bouzid, Kairouan and Kasserine. According to the survey of 2014, the highest means of infected plants were recorded in Kairouan followed by Sidi Bouzid (22.5 and 16.2%) and finally the governorate of Kasserine (7%). In all the surveyed orchard Fusarium oxysporum was the most frequently isolated fungus, followed by F. solani, Verticillium dahliae and Rhizoctonia solani, while Pythium sp. was the least one. Pathogenicity tests showed that all the tested fungi are pathogenic on olive plants with a disease incidence varying between 10 and 80%.  Tested in vitro, all the selected bio-fungicides inhibited the mecylial growth of all the used pathogens by at least 47%.  In vivo tests showed that all the organic compounds have significantly reduced disease incidence compared to the control especially when products were applied one week before inoculation with pathogens. Biobac, Sanbio Epsomit, and Sanbio Planta compounds gave the highest protection compared to untreated transplants (control) with an efficacy ranged from 88 to 100%.

Keywords: bio-fungicides, dieback, soil borne pathogens

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S. DALLALI^1,*

S. ROUZ¹

H. AICHI¹

H. BEN HASSINE¹

¹ Carthage University,Department of Agricultural Production, Laboratory of Agricultural Production Systems and Sustainable Development (SPADD), Agricultural High School of Mograne, 1121 Mograne, Zaghouan, Tunisia.

Abstract - The present study was conducted to determine phenolic content and evaluate allelopathic effects of leaf and rhizosphere soil extractsof Maribum vulgareL.under laboratory conditions. Samples were collected from National Park of Djebel Zaghouan (Tunisia) in October 2016.Total phenolic and flavonoid content of methanolic and water extracts was determined by using Folin-Ciocalteau reagent and aluminum chloride method, respectively. The highest amounts of polyphenols (44.89±0.25 mg EAG/g DW) and flavonoids (24.6±1.07 mg QE/g DW) were shown by the leaf methanolic extracts. The total phenolic contents of the soil extracts, varied from 0.03±0.00 to 0.05±0.00 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g soil extract, and the highest concentration was found in methanol/water extract. Aqueous extracts concentrations of leaf (1, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.5 g mL^-1) and soil (5, 10, 30 and 50 g L^-1) were studied for their effects on seed germination and seedling growth of Sinapis arvensis L. (weed) and Lactuca sativaL. (cultivated).The results showed that the leaf extract and rhizosphere soil of M. vulgaresignificantly (p<0.05) affects the germination (%), mean germination time (MGT),root and shoot length of S. arvensis and L. sativa, and the effects were proportional to the concentration. The inhibition caused by the leaf and soil extracts was found to be more than shoot length.The results demonstrated that both leaf aqueous extracts and soil of tested species could be used as natural herbicides.

Keywords: Allelopathy, aqueous extracts, weed, germination, seedling growth.

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Etude de la composition chimique et de l’activité antioxydante des différents extraits de la Lavande dentée (Lavandula dentata)

I. BETTAIEB REBEY¹²*

S. BOURGOU¹

M. SAIDANI TOUNSI¹

M.L. FAUCONNIER²,

R. KSOURI¹

¹ Laboratory of Medicinal and Aromatics Plant, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia.

² General and Organic Chemistry-Volatolomics, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés, 2- 5030 Gembloux - Belgique

Abstract - In this study, Lavandula dentata organs (roots, stems and leaves) were investigated for their essential oils, total phenolics, flavonoids contents and antioxidant activities. Essential oil yields were 0.22% in roots, 0.68 % in stems and 0.89 % in flowers. Major components of the oils were β-ocimene, limonene and 1,8 cineol in roots, stems and leaves and flowers, respectively. In all organs, total phenolics content ranged from 42.57 to 16.17 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram of dry weight (mg GAE/g DW).The antioxidant activities of Lavandula dentata extracts obtained from the three organs were assessed using two tests (DPPH and reducing power). The root extract was strongly effective as DPPH radical scavenger and reducing agent. Thus, the identification of individual target polyphenolic compounds of roots was performed by RP-HPLC. The major phenolic compound detected in roots was rosmarinic acid. This activity was high enough for the plant to be a new and natural source of strongly antioxidant substances for use as natural additives in food and pharmaceutical industry.

Keywords: Lavandula dentate, organs, essential oil; phenolics; antioxidant activity

Résumé - Le but de ce travail consiste à étudier la composition des huiles essentielles et des polyphénols des racines, des tiges et des feuilles de la Lavande dentée et d’évaluer leurs potentialités antioxydantes. L’analyse et la quantification des huiles essentielles a montré que les feuilles sont les plus riches en huiles essentielles (0.89 mg/g MS) suivies par les tiges (0.68 mg/g MS) et enfin les racines (0,23 mg/g MS). Le constituant majeur de l’HE des racines est: le β-ocimène. D’autre part, le limonène représente le composé majeur de l’HE des tiges. Quant à l’HE des feuilles, elle est dominée par le camphre. D’autre part, nos résultats ont montré que les organes de la lavande montrent des teneurs en polyphénols totaux élevées et variables selon l’organe étudié. En effet, les extraits des racines sont caractérisés par le contenu le plus élevé en polyphénols. D’autre part, l’étude de l’activité antioxydante des extraits des différents organes a indiqué que les extraits de la racine sont particulièrement les plus actifs et que leur analyse par RP-HPLC a montré que ces derniers sont riches essentiellement en acide rosmarinique. Finalement, les extraits de la Lavande dentée et particulièrement ceux de la racine peuvent être considérés comme des sources alternatives d’antioxydants naturels puissants qui peuvent être utilisés en industrie agroalimentaire et pharmaceutique.

Mots clés: Lavandula dentata, organes, huile essentielle, polyphénols, activité antioxydante

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Identification et extraction des plantes tinctoriales pour la coloration des fibres naturelles.

F. ALOUI ¹

C. ABBÈS¹

¹ The Silvo-Pastoral Institute of Tabarka, University of Jendouba

Abstract - Natural substances extracted from tinctorial plants are used less than chemicals dyes in industrial tincture. The latter mostly cause skin allergies when they replace natural dyes. In this context, this project involves the development of different colored dyes for natural fibers from some tinctorial plants in the region of Kroumirie (Northwest of Tunisia). The main objective of this project is to provide the textile industry with new opportunities for renewable and environmentally friendly dyes and promote the development of forest products in the region. In our study, the used dye substances were extracted from different organs of plants chosen for a type of color. In application, these dyes have yielded good results on natural fibers (wool, silk).Our experiments have given rise to several types of colors: brown extract from Quercus coccifera, yellow from Ceratonia siliqua, green from Pteridium aquilinum and the red from Pinus pinea. In each color, nuance varies depending on the dosage of the amount of plant material used and the cooking time.

Keywords: tinctorial plants, natural fibers, dyes, Kroumirie

Résumé - Les substances naturelles extraites des plantes tinctoriales pour l’industrie de la teinture sont moins utilisées que les substances chimiques.Ces dernières font la plupart du temps des allergies cutanées en les remplaçant par des produits naturels.Le présent projetconsiste en la mise au point de teintures à différentes couleurs pour les fibres naturelles à partir de certaines plantes tinctoriales de la région de Kroumirie (Nord-Ouest de la Tunisie).L’objectif principal de ce projet est d’apporter aux industriels de la filière textile de nouvelles possibilités de produits écologiques et renouvelables et de promouvoir la valorisation des produits forestiers de la région. Les substances tinctoriales utilisées ont été extraites à partir des différents organes des plantes choisies pour un type de couleur donnée. En application, ces teintures ont donné différentes couleurs sur les fibres naturelles (laine, soie). Le marron a été obtenu du Quercus coccifera, le jaune du Ceratonia siliqua, le vert du Pteridium aquilinum et le rouge à partir du Pinus pinea. Dans chaque couleur les nuances changent selon le dosage de la quantité de matière végétale utilisée et la durée de cuisson.

Mots clés: Plantes tinctoriales, fibres naturelles, coloration, teinture, Kroumirie

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